Don't be surprised to fill in CMR - all you know about the international consignment note

Most people don't say much to English “Convention on the Contract For the International Carriage of Goods by Road ” or the French “Convention Relative Au Contrat de Transport International de Merchandises Par Route ” expression. As a Hungarian translation, more people have met him than “International Road Freight Service Treaty ”, but in the public discourse, an abbreviation, which is simply called CMR, will take us closer to the next, the international consignment note that accompanies the goods in more detail.

  

What is CMR?

Those who work in international consignment take their hands every day CMR document, however, few people are likely to think about what is stretched in the background of these three letters. The II. Following World War II, it was difficult for international transportation that various countries had their own legislation on the details of the transport, which made it difficult to make problematic cases of controversial during a misdemeanor. In response to this in 1956, just half a year before the Suez crisis and the Hungarian Revolution, on May 19, representatives of the countries met in Geneva who under the ug They agreed to apply common rules to freight transport between their countries.

As a result of all this, on May 19, 1956, representatives of nine states signed a a convention, which came into effect in the summer of 1961, and then, over the decades since then, the circle of countries entering the CMR system has been constantly expanded. It is used by nearly 60 states today (Most of them are European and East Asian countries, but Morocco and Tunisia, for example, are among the signatories). Hungary signed the Convention in 1970 and then In the Decree 3 of 1971 proclaimed it.

According to the above -mentioned convention CMR is a document accompanying goods and contractwhat you carried the sender and buyer of the goods binding with each other with the involvement of a carrier. By exhibiting CMR, stakeholders accept that, in any case, in any problem, the convention will be adopted to be guided and mandatory for themselves.

When to exhibit CMR?

According to the official wording It is about transporting goods by car, by car, for a fee if the place to take over and out of goods is in two different countries, regardless of the seat of the sender and the buyer. Let's look at some practical examples:

• If the transportation takes place between two Hungarian-based companies, but the goods are transported to one of the foreign sites, the CMR must be completed.
• If a foreign company transports goods from abroad to Hungary, CMR must also be completed.
• If a foreign-based company is transporting from another company to another company in Hungary, it does not have to accompany the goods by CMR.
• It can be a more extreme example if transportation from Hungary is taken to Austria, but by a horse-drawn carriage, it does not have to be completed, as it only applies to transporting by car.

It is important to emphasize that Not only should CMR be completed when both countries concerned are members of the CMR Convention, it is also sufficient if the place of loading or unloading of freight transport is located in the country covered by the Convention.

It is also worth knowing that although CMR only applies to road transport as described above, this is It also includes if some of the transportation is not done by road, but by rail, in water, in the air, but the goods are not transferred. For example, during transport to Britain, the La Manche channel transports the truck or carries the Kamion during transport from Hungary to Sicily, which will not report the interruption of road transport, thus filling CMR and spreading to the entire transport. You can read more about who is legally responsible for the goods in these sections.

To fill in the CMR

As mentioned, CMR must be completed when the goods are moving between countries and is one of the conventions. By filling in the CMR document, the signatories virtually sign a contract with each other to make a for transport as a whole, the provisions of the Convention shall be adopted as valid for themselves, and they will act as stated.

There is no specific requirement for its format, the Convention only determines what the data content is, the information that is required. At the same time It is advisable to use pre -manufactured form, since this is a lot It also helps us with exactly what to fix in it, thanks to its multilingualism, the same document is likely to be understood by anyone who comes in the hand. At the same time it also makes it easier for clerks, because when they meet the same template every day, they find the information that is important to them much faster. THE Convoy Truck Shop Also available forms are already out of printing with the stating "Even in the case of different agreements, the provisions of the International Fair of the Freight (CMR) shall be governed by different agreements."Which must be enforced to the agreement even if it is not tied by filling out a finished template. Another advantage of the finished template is that it acts as an indigo paper, that is, 4 copy of CMRas well as 6 copy of CMR You need to fill in the data on one sheet, as opposed to versions that can be printed from the Internet, where you need to write the same four or six times.

How many copies should I fill out?

According to the text of the Convention, a CMR is required in 3 copies, one of which will be the sender of the goods, one for the buyer and one for the carrier. Nowadays Typically we can see 4 and 6 copy of the cartridgeswith pages of different colors, facilitating their identification. Because there are no customs boundaries within the EU, the goods transported within this area are sufficient to fill in the 4 specimens of the form (an extra one compared to three, for example, if the transport is carried out by two different suppliers). However, in the case of transmissions over the EU external customs borders, we will need 6 copies of CMRs to have sufficient pieces in addition to the above, for example, for customs clearance.

If the amount of goods to be shipped can only be packed on two or more vehicles, the sender or the carrier may also demand that as many vehicles are used for transport. After filling The document is signed by the sender and the carrier. Practical tip to As a carrier, it is worth scanning CMR or even more easily photographedto be in our hands in the case of questions and problems that arise after the delivery is completed, something we can prove to prove the details of the freight.

Where do I write?

The CMR is basically the sender of the goods will be filled and then the required fields of the carrier, finally they both sign the document. It is certainly clear, but for the sake of completeness it is advisable to make the filling with a pen, thus avoiding unsolicited modifications. For larger companies, of course, they also use the practice of filling it with a machine and only signed by hand. Let's look at which fields should be added to:

1. Sender: The name and address of the company who gives the transport order to the carrier. The seal is usually sufficient here, you don't have to fill in all data by hand. It is important, however, that if some data is stamped on CMR, it must be done on all 4 or 6 copies.
2. Recipient: The name and address of the company whose goods must be delivered at the end of delivery. So this is not the delivery address, but the registered headquarters of the company. Like the previous one, the stamp filling is right here if it is available.
3. The place of service of the goods: The country and city where the goods are transported. This may be the headquarters of the receiving company (see section 2) or, for example, a site.
4. Place and time of receipt of goods: Where and when the carrier takes over the goods. As with the previous point, this may differ from the data in point 1 if the actual purchase of the goods is not at the headquarters of the sender.
5. Attached documents: Documents that accompany the goods should be shown here. For example, this may be an additional specific document in accordance with invoice, delivery note, balance sheet, package list, or additional specific document.
6. Sign and number: The number, sign and serial number of the goods can come here. For example, if the attached documents include a detailed invoice, we can enter its serial number, as it contains the total amount of goods. In the case of ADR transport, the details must also be recorded in this section.
7. Number: It is advisable to specify the amount of goods in a unit of measure that the carrier can check, for example, expressed in pallets.
8. Package: A list of packaging types used for shipping, such as pallets, cardboard, foil.
9. Naming of goods: Since there is little space on the document, it is only briefly or shortened to describe the goods under collecting.
10. Statistical number: In this section, you can indicate the number of the goods shipped, such as the NHM (harmonized list of goods), Taric (integrated community customs tariff) code, or, if transported, its type, license plate, chassis number.
11. Gross weight: The total mass of the goods delivered, that is, the goods and packaging together. As a sender, we can favor the carrier that the gross weight is not exactly a gram, but with some abandonment so that the vehicle is not completely at the permissible weight, so the carrier does not risk the possible penalty.
12. Volume: The previous point pair, if the goods are liquid, then here you need to record its quantity m³-in.
13. The provisions of the sender: Here you can specify the provisions of the carrier such as the required route, designated parking lots, customs clearance, border crossing points, transport temperature, terminals. But you can also enter other information such as the weight of the packaging used. The information here may be greatly influenced by the type of goods transported.
14. Refund: Fill in if the flute is paid to the supplier. Generally speaking, points 14, 15, 19 are not usually completed, and they remain empty in the highest percentage of cases.
15. Freight payment provisions: Who pays the freight from the parties involved in the transport.
16. Carrier: This point is filled by the carrier (name, title, country). It is also enough to fill in the stamp of the carrier company.
17. Additional carriers: Complete if the full shipping is not done by a carrier. An example of this is if the original carrier vehicle has to be transferred to another vehicle due to a technical error or if the goods are deposited to a logistics center, another carrier will be taken from there.
18. Consignments and entries of the carrier: One of the most important points for the carrier where all his comments can be included. It is worth comparing the data registered in the CMR (number, signal, serial number) with the goods actually loaded or recorded if the goods are not well packaged or defective at the time of loading. It is also advisable to prescribe the amount and packaging of the goods for some reason (for example, according to the requirements of one party, the supplier cannot be present in loading). Submissions registered here should be signed with the sender and at the end of the delivery, as it can be demonstrated in the case of a problem that, for example, the cargo, for example, was not damaged during the transport, but was initiated by the way. Also record if the sender or receiver has not allowed to enter the reservations in the CMR or if the Sender or Recipient refused to sign the maintenance at the carrier request. Although no language is defined for completing the CMR, it is worthwhile in field 18 in English or other internationally used or possibly in the language of the country concerned. In all of this can be helped by a About the website of the Association of Hungarian Road Carriers or directly to the International Road Traffic Association (IRU) website Download this multilingual document. As the place is limited in the CMR, the codes in the list of reservations can also be introduced here, so they can also identify what the problem was in the future.
19. Payable: The value of the goods paid by the buyer to the carrier driver if the buyer does not pay its consideration to the sender by bank transfer. According to the original convention, the costs related to transport (eg duties) can also be shown here. Nowadays, it is typically left blank.
20. Special Agreements: Any other information, such as the goods, is only taken over at a specified time.
21. Exhibition location, date
22. Signature and stamp of the sender: CMR is essentially filled in by the merchant, but if for some reason the carrier does, it cannot sign this point. In any case, international transport must be accompanied by CMR, so in the final case, this field should remain empty.
23. The carrier's signature and stamp: Even if the sender did not sign the 22 field, the carrier must sign the document here and put the stamp of the carrier company here.
24. To take over the goods, signature of the receiving and stamp: The receiver will fill out when serving the goods.
25. The carrier vehicle, license plate, Rak weight: For a trailer vehicle, the license plate number of the tractor and the trailer must be entered here.

CMR document cells that are not relevant for a given shipment or to which no information should be left blank. Fields to be completed in the above list thick are listed. It is also mandatory to indicate that The transport falls under the provisions of the Convention. This is important because, in the absence of this, the carrier is responsible for all costs and damage. That is why the Convoy Truck Shop This sentence is already printed on a template available. In addition to the mandatory information, the parties may record anything in the document that is believed to be necessary for the given transport, eg. Refunding, cash on delivery, value of goods, deadline for transportation, list of documents handed over.

Responsibilities for shipping

• The carrier is responsible for the delayed delivery. This may not be explained.
• The carrier also carries responsibility even if you use another service, for example, your employee carries out the delivery.
• The carrier is responsible for losing the goods as a whole or part. An exception to this is if the particular fault of the goods or due to the provision of the rightholder (who may have above the goods at the moment) or for a reason that the carrier could not be avoided. However, if the cause can be traced back to the malfunction of the transport vehicle, the liability will continue to be charged, even if the used vehicle is rented and not its own.
• It is also important to pre-secure all circumstances and instructions in CMR, for example, if the goods in the goods occurred due to an open tarp and the parties in CMR have agreed to carry the transport with an open tarp, the carrier is exempt from responsibility. Similarly, if the goods are transported without packaging and thus may be damaged by nature, but the packaging is fixed in CMR, the injury will again be the fault of the carrier.
• In addition to the prepared consignment note, the sender of the goods shall be handed over to the carrier any document that may be required for customs clearance or other official procedures and shall be informed of them. If this does not happen and, due to their lack, it is a pity, plus the shipment is cost, the carrier cannot be held liable.
• It is important that if the carrier did everything he could to avoid a harm, but the vehicle did not allow the protection and followed any instructions he received on the goods (even on the go), it cannot be held responsible for injuries that could have occurred by the nature of the goods. For example, the transported crop is stabbed by rodents and worms, the amount of fluid transported is reduced due to normal evaporation, but the same applies to the transport of live animals, which is perhaps an even more sensitive area.
• However, it is important to note that the carrier must prove that the injury was caused by the above and not due to the carrier. If the flute is done by multiple carriers, each is responsible for carrying out the whole freight. An exception here may be the condition that we have previously affected if a section of transport occurs on another vehicle without transhipment. But what does this mean in practice: starting from an example mentioned above, if the freight train carrying the truck in the railway tunnel between France and Great Britain, therefore the goods are damaged, it should be considered as if the entire transport was done by rail, so the carrier will be free of all responsibility.

The point is therefore from the carrier on the part of Care, to follow the instructions received from the entitled, as well as the risk of risks in CMR in advance. For example, if the packaging concerns and the supporting conditions are not included in the CMR, then it must be assumed that the goods were still fine with the goods.

It is mentioned that it is important for the carrier to follow the instructions received from the entitled, but when he or she has the goods. It is basically the transfer of the second copy of the CMR to the addressee on this issue. Prior to this, the sender may, for example, decide on the question of transporting the goods to another address or not transported by the carrier. Of course, the resulting extra costs must be reimbursed to the carrier. After handing over the CMR buyer, however, the buyer becomes entitled and the carrier must follow his provisions. Of course, this is not engraved, if the parties want to depart from it, they must record it in the CMR. This also confirms why it is important to sign CMR 24 with the recipient of the goods at the landfill.

The examples of the above are perhaps one of the most important areas, but anyone who is curious about every detail and is not frightened of the often complex legal text may be worth browsing the aforementioned domestic CMR.

What is expected in the future?

Perhaps many people think that what is written on paper and in their hands is sure. So can this be the usual 4 or 6 copies with CMR Also, however, it has to be accepted that, as almost every area of ​​the world, the documentation of the shipment will become electronic at more and more points, which will not be an exception to CMR.

In February 2008, an additional record was made for the original CMR convention of 1956, which virtually opened the opportunity e-documentation before. This supplement came into effect in the summer of 2011 and has since been joined by 34 countries in the past 10 years. It would also be advisable to introduce as soon as possible in as many countries as possible, since, especially in Europe, transport is often affected by multiple transit countries, and if ECMR is not used in any of them, the carrier must keep the completed CMR document on paper for official controls of these countries. The use of ECMR for the first time in January 2017, and since then this system has been operating between Spain and France, but such transportation is only tested between other countries.

But What are the benefits of ECMR? As we can experience in other areas, digitization, of course, is fundamentally facilitating our lives after defeating the initial difficulties and the accustomed person. For example, the ECMR is about being affected by transport Every party knows what's happening to the goods. Smartphone is constantly on hand today, so you don't have to be afraid of losing your documents. The new entries after the exhibition can be provided with time stamps, so more accurately traceablefor example, when an injury occurred in the goods. In addition, the carrier can even attach photos to the events as evidence. THE Billing and paying a freight can also accelerate, because you don't have to wait for the paper -based document to arrive. But it is also enough to think of the Covid epidemic is electronization can reduce the number of physical contacts too. Overall, carrier companies are they can expect costs and increasing efficiency and greater transparency through it.

In Hungary, professional organizations have been pursuing for years and preparations have been made to create ECMR, but the legislation has not yet been completely crystallized, so the planned date for the introduction of the electronic consignment is constantly extended. Despite all this, there are several companies in Hungary that are prepared for their own applications.

Until the ECMR appears, You can find the traditional paper baseline as well as the additional useful forms needed for transportation. And if you get stuck when filling the CMR, spin into the description above for help.